RockOm

By Tom Crenshaw, Tom@RockOm.net

Three melodic strings, a drumbeat and a passionate desire to connect with another can create a force that is larger than life. This immense, graceful force can be found in Christine Stevens and UpBeat Drum Circles as they travel the world, often venturing into hostile and war-torn territories to bridge cultural and spiritual barriers through music.

Music holds many keys for conflict healing and is an incredibly valuable weapon for promoting peace and reconciliation. Through music Christine Stevens has selflessly dedicated her life and resources in a mission to change the world one heartbeat and drumbeat at a time. Christine is an internationally acclaimed musician, author, music therapist and speaker as well as the founder of UpBeat Drum Circles. RockOm has made a dear friend in Christine featuring her work many times on our website.

We caught up with Christine recently to talk about bridging cultural barriers through music and instrumentation knowing she would have much to share with us on the subject. In connecting with Christine again we are introduced to the Strumstick: a three-stringed instrument whose small nature belies its capabilities. Through the Strumstick and drumming Christine has propagated goodwill, grace and peacemaking not only in Iraq but around the world as well.

Tom: In your work with Ashti Drum in Iraq, when you first are introduced to perform for a group is there an air of apprehension on either your part as a musician or those you’re meeting for the first time with regards to your being a Western musician? If so how do you make that first, all-important connection?

Christine: Well that’s a good question. "The beginning is half the whole" as they say and the first moments of a connection are crucial. A lot of preparation goes into going to Iraq. I dress according to the cultural norms; I dyed my hair, wore a hijab and prepared to meet people in their way. The first connection - what I noticed - it was all about making music and not talking at all.

More often than not, I introduce myself with drumming  and then wait and see if someone will answer you. [Laughs] What I love about the Strumstick and bringing a melodic instrument with me to Iraq to complement the drum circle program is that the Strumstick is in open tuning, like a drone. When you start to make that drone, people start to come. It’s a magnetic force for group gatherings. When you play a Strumstick it’s a call for singing and chanting. So I would play a simple open drone and often someone would just stand up and chant using Middle Eastern scales.

The idea for music for peacemaking has to do with some very important principles including inclusiveness and we get everyone to participate by handing out our rhythmic instruments. Everyone can join the beat. I love what Mickey Hart (drummer for The Dead) says, “When we drum together we create sacred space.” When we add the Strumstick and that drone - chanting and rhythm - we create a symphony of cultural sharing from the heart.

Tom: So using a Strumstick made the difficult work in bridging cultural barriers easier?

Christine: I would say that it makes it much easier because this time I had this fantastic instrument that was created by Bob McNally (he’s based in New Jersey and his information is at strumstick.com). What I love about it is that it’s three strings and no wrong notes! Anyone can play this! The biggest barrier is words, I think. As long as we’re aware of each other's culture and we’re sensitive, what is the real barrier? It’s words! With music, we can talk. We have to simplify to create that bridge for cultural connection.

The other thing I will say is that in my travels around the world with the Strumstick, everybody knows Bob Marley and you can play Bob Marley tunes on this real easily. According to the Dalai Lama, what we need to do to create peace on the planet is to have more music sharing and music festivals.

Tom: Oh, I agree. More music and more music festivals. That’s the plan and a perfect prescription. Many times we get caught up with words, like you say, when we simply should just let the music speak for us.

Christine: I think we’re becoming energy linguists. In sound and in music we can communicate best… our heart, our feelings. When we communicate on that plane there’s no conflict, there’s no war. We create “sacred space.” What happens in sacred space? We create connections and harmony. Just the word harmony is a metaphor for what we’re creating on the planet right now, one beat at a time.

Tom: Why is it that some people think they could never learn a musical instrument when drumming and the Strumstick, with only a fraction of instruction, turn anyone into a music-maker?

Christine: The key is having a very easy, immediate learning curve. We give up on ourselves too easily. If I had to sit down and try to learn piano scales right away I’d probably quit too, but because you can get a sound immediately on a drum, and a good sound immediately on a Strumstick without any training, all of a sudden children who have never played an instrument before can be in a jam session. I think it’s time to remove that dualistic thinking that some people have talent and some don’t and recognize that music is who we are - that we are biologically wired for music. We all have a singing voice, we all have a drum beat called our heartbeat, and it’s time to let go of all those myths and lies, find the instrument that calls to our heart and be part of the music.

Tom:  In your experience how important are the arts, especially music in connecting us with one another and why aren’t diplomatic efforts on the part of nations engaged in peace making more focused on cultural exchanges involving musicians and artists?

Christine: That’s actually not true. There are many diplomatic efforts right now happening through music. If you look at U.S. history one of the first efforts of diplomacy was sending an African-American gospel choir to Russia during the beginning of the Cold War. Louis Armstrong was paid by the State Department to travel and play music.  I just think we need more of this and the vision that I hold is that before the United Nations talk - we have to have dialogue - first we would have music together. First there would be a performance and then there would be dialogue. I don’t believe it’s only about the music; I think it’s about the whole protocol of combining music-making, musical sharing and appreciation of each other’s culture, and true listening.

Tom: What’s upcoming in the near future for UpBeat Drum Circles?

Christine: We have opportunities to train people in the HealthRHYTHMS program that Remo Drum Company sponsors and we’ll be teaching more in the sacred drumming and peace building traditions in places like the Shambhala Mountain Center. We’re working on some new books and CDs about UpBeat Drum Circle's and Ashti Drum's whole journey in the Middle East hoping to continue to build our drum ashram, our drum ministry, our peace drum corps and continue to collaborate with RockOm. We love learning so much from visiting your site and tuning into what RockOm is doing. Thank you so much for that, Tom.

LINKS:

Visit Strumstick.com to learn more and to see and hear Christine demonstrate its versatility

Be sure to view all our features and interviews with Christine Stevens:

The Rhythm of Life

Social Change and the Power of Music

Global Resonance

Since RockOm's inception, we've written several articles centered around musical terms - such as morendo, rhythm, arpeggio, etc. - and used those as launching pads for discussions on the spiritual life. Today we invite you to go back and re-read a couple of these quite interesting pieces. Enjoy! Learn! And share with a music-loving friend, for goodness sake!

• Morendo - Excerpt: "In sheet music, the written directive morendo is an instruction to the performer to play a section of music "in a manner that dies away, or diminishes in tone and tempo". Reading this description recently encouraged me to wonder - 'What is it that I need to let die away or diminish in tone or tempo?'"

• A Témpo - Excerpt: "A témpo is written into sheet music to instruct the performer to resume the tempo (or speed) from the piece's beginning or previous section.  It is a returning, a pressing of the Reset button, an alignment with what previously was."  A look at how this relates to REPENTANCE.

• Rhythm - Excerpt: "Find the sacred rhythm. Rather, tune in to the sacred rhythm, for it is all around and within you like a silent, beating drum. Business, stress, and exhaustion are not medals of your worth - indeed they choke your ability to simply'.'"

• Tritone (The Joy of Drama) - Excerpt: "This is the tritone, the 'devil's interval.' Why is it known the 'devil's interval'? In the middle ages this interval was often avoided in composition because of its dissonant, or clashing, quality. The very sound of it suggests discord, opposition or even evil."

• Zu - Excerpt: "When shown as zu2 or zu3, etc., it is a directive [on sheet music] to indicate the number of musicians to perform the indicated passage of music... Do you try to go it alone? Do you find peace in solitude and figuring things out by yourself?"

• Arpeggio - Using the concept of the arpeggio (broken chord) to teach us about task management and dealing with frustration

• Cessura - Excerpt: "There's power in the pause. Cessation often makes that which follows the silence punch with more pizazz."

"Nothing so arouses the soul, gives it wing, sets it free from the earth, releases it from the prison of the body, teaches it to love wisdom and to despise all the things of this life, as concordant melody and sacred song composed in rhythm."

[St. John Chrysostom]

An Interview with Mickey Hart
By Tom Crenshaw tom@rockom.net

As a child, Mickey Hart used to stand out in thunderstorms listening to the patterns and sounds of the rain as it fell. He recalls some of his neighbors saying quizzically to his parents, "That boy of yours, Mrs. Hart, he's a strange fellow!" That rhythmic inquisitiveness as a child led Mickey deeper into the mysteries of sound as he grew older, becoming one of the world’s most celebrated percussionists and authoritarians on world music and music's healing abilities.

For nearly three decades Mickey has performed on drums and percussion as part of the Grateful Dead (along with fellow drummer Bill Kreutzmann) but his accomplishments don't end there. Through his tireless study of world music Mickey has gone on to contribute more than most any other musician to the study of sound, rhythm and the incredible healing aspects contained within.

Mickey has also written four books documenting his lifelong fascination with the history and mythology of music. These include Drumming at the Edge of Magic, Planet Drum, Spirit into Sound: The Magic of Music, and Songcatchers: In Search of the World’s Music. He’s appeared before the United States Senate to discuss the healing powers of music and rhythm and is a member of the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function at Beth Abraham Hospital where he continues his investigation into the connection between healing and rhythm and the neural bases of rhythm. Mickey has also been appointed to the Board of Trustees of the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress where he heads the subcommittee on the digitization and preservation of the Center's vast collections.

In addition, Mickey Hart has composed music for movies, television and celebrated events including Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now, the PBS special Vietnam: A Television History, and The 1996 Summer Olympic Games to mention a few.

RockOm had the extraordinary opportunity to spend some time with Mickey recently to discuss his early initiation into sound and rhythm, his role in the Grateful Dead, his various Grammy Award-winning albums of percussion and world music, and the incredible reality that there are new, healing rhythms being born into the world every day.

Mickey Hart: That all depends on what you call music and what you call drumming. I was always interested in the nature of the rain, loud sounds of the city, trolley cars – so the rhythmic tattoo of New York City first captivated me, the rhythm and the noise of things – buildings being torn down, a lawn mower – pretty much "loud stuff." I love the loud in things. The rain especially was transfixing because it came down so rhythmically. I would stand out in the rain and let it beat on me and it went deep into the subconscious and inner self. It felt really good to be out there. Those were my first thoughts of rhythm and noise.

Then of course the radio would captivate me. My mother had Folkways records tucked in the middle of a Duke Ellington collection. I started listening to pygmy rainforest music and listening to indigenous musicians as the first real turn-on to membranophones, or drums. And Latin music was really taking over at that time in New York City – Tito Puente and Machito – and that was coming out of every radio and every phonograph around the city. Before Rock N’ Roll there was Latin music which was full of syncopation and  got my ear. My dad and mom were both rudimental drummers and when my dad had left when I was an infant, he left a practice pad. That practice pad was my key into the other side. When I heard the report of the practice pad, that sealed the deal. There was nothing more beautiful than the short, sharp sound from the pad; I could listen to it over and over again. It became like my radar. That was the beginning of it all. I was a strange, unsettling boy.

RO: Tell us about meeting Babatunde Olatunji and how that impressed upon you.

Mickey Hart: Olatunji came in about 1959 much later; what I’m talking about is the early and mid-50s. But when I heard Olatunji's album Drums of Passion I had never really heard drums played at that level and I certainly had never heard a talking drum – a variable pitched instrument. Here you had the powerful trance loops of Western Africa. I mean people didn’t know that’s what they were experiencing but here you had trance rhythms played in New York City in a fine recording studio with CBS. And Baba was a great vocalist so here you had chant over these powerful, magical rhythms. So when I heard that album that sealed the deal as well as far as the power of raw percussion and voice. It changed my life, no doubt.

Then of course I was fortunate enough to run into him in 1985 and when I asked him to open up for the Grateful Dead, he didn’t know who we were. He said, “Ya, ya, ya…” and left. Someone then must have told him who I was and he called me back. We got to be friends and he opened for the Grateful Dead and the fans loved him. He became my best friend and the godfather of my daughter. So he was another major influence to me as well as to hundreds of thousands of practitioners and musicians from around the world – Coltrane knew him. All kinds of people were being sucked into this powerful rhythm snake.

RO: When did you first recognize your experience with rhythm and drumming going from beyond the ordinary into a mystical or spiritual realm?

Mickey Hart: I didn’t know what to call it when I was young but I was going into trance when I was alone. I played alone a lot and so it became a meditation and I was definitely moving in and out of trance. Looking back on it now I would play for hours and not eat. I was totally in the zone and that is a sure sign of a trance. That was unconscious. But then when I started playing in the Grateful Dead, I started really seeing the ritual unfold. It was out of control. It was a wondrous thing, going into a new soundscape that no one had ever been to. Well, I had never been to it, nor had anyone else around me. So I figure we were moving into realms of consciousness by taking psychoactive drugs simultaneously and playing for hours and hours. Again, this was a deep trance. People would just lose themselves in the groove and dance for hours and copulate and everything. It was a quite a scene. That also made a big impression on me, seeing a new ritual being born – you know, with white kids on the edge of the Western world.

Then as far as the health part of all this, I saw that music reconnected you with the infinite, vibratory universe when my grandmother had Alzheimer’s. She hadn’t spoken a word in six months and I isolated her once in the car when I taking her somewhere. I just happened to play my tar, my single-membrane tar, for her for about 20 minutes. She was looking at it and all the sudden she spoke my name and I thought, “Wow, this is powerful.” This is somebody who was disconnected from speech, who was motor-impaired saying my name. Then when I stopped, she went back into the darkness. That was a moment for me and I realized that rhythm has to do with life and the giving of life and the taking of life. When the rhythm stops, you’re dead. When the rhythm is good, you live a good life. It also can reconnect some of the connections that are broken in the brain using certain rhythms at certain volumes. It was then that rhythm therapy came into view and the music therapists started appearing. I appeared in front of the Senate in 1990 and testified on the power of rhythm in front of Harry Reid on the Committee for Aging. Harry gave me and Oliver Sacks a million bucks to kick-start music therapy here in the West.

RO: You mentioned in earlier interviews that the Grateful Dead were in the business of transportation. What was your role in transporting your fans and listeners?

Mickey Hart: I made the traps. I was in the engine room. Me and Bill Kreutzmann made that feeling that allowed you to go to those places that laid the foundation for the melody and the harmony and the song.

RO: So in a sense of the word do you and Bill Kreutzmann consider yourselves modern day shamans?

Mickey Hart: You could say that. I would say we’re more “seat-of-the-pants” kind of shamans. But we are practicing the art of shamanism for sure. We’re transporting people into other consciousness and that’s what shaman do. Yeah, we don’t have a license [laughs] but we do it!

RO: In your role of being a transporter, where are you wanting your listeners to “arrive”?

Mickey Hart: It’s certainly a state of bliss, of being centered, of happiness – where you can make sense of everything around you. That’s what consciousness is all about. Everybody has a different consciousness but the idea is to elevate the consciousness to a place where you can feel who you are and how you fit in. That’s what spirituality really is – it’s a tuning system, to tune you and the universe. Part of the universe is the people you live with, the people you love, your children, your self! If you can’t have this feeling within yourself you can’t give it to anyone else.

So it’s a constant maintenance and practice. I play every day to maintain a level that I can share with others. How do you share the precious, invisible feeling of spirit with someone? Well you have to change it into a form. In this case, it’s music; it’s vibratory. The universe is vibratory, you are vibratory, the things you create in culture are vibratory. How these rhythm worlds all work together, that’s the yoga of sound. That’s why music is such a great vehicle. It’s not really about the music, it’s what the music does to you and the feeling it creates in you and what you do with that feeling. Music is important!

If you talk to Michael Jordan, he will tell you that going to the basket and being up there for four or five seconds -- that’s God. He’s in an absolutely perfect, rhythmic entrainment with himself, the people around him and the universe. It doesn’t happen all the time; it only happens in moments. It’s not like you can tune yourself in and stay in this place forever, it’s a constant ebb and flow in and out of these wonderful states of consciousness. But if you don’t go for these moments, then you’re just in the music business and I never thought of myself in the music business. It wasn’t about that. When I went after a groove and the music, it wasn’t necessarily to entertain. When I get lost in it, it might not even be interesting on some levels, it may be self-serving. But I’m trying to create some kind of a feeling that’s relevant to the moment.

You can’t really judge these things in those terms of good or bad, you have to judge them in other ways such as what do they do? Are they positive? Are they negative? Like love, compassion, all those good things are positive. War, hate, racism, murder, people who take more than they give – that’s bad rhythm. Health is good rhythm. Disease means you’re out of rhythm. I’m sure all musicians want to play technically good and so do I, but I try to separate the ritual from the technical. You have to be technically good to create good ritual. These are very gray lines – one person’s spirit is another person’s non-spirit. So this is a very individual thing.

RO: You’ve been exposed to a wide variety of spiritual influences from that found in Indian and African music, to Tibetan monks, to the shamanistic spirituality of Carlos Santana to the mythological and bigger picture spirituality of Joseph Campbell. How would you describe your current spiritual worldview.

Mickey Hart: Well I know who my God is. If there is a Creator, it’s a rhythm. In the vibratory universe, the seed sound is the creation of everything. And in that sound, in that rhythm, you find what some people would call spirituality or the sacred dimension. There was nobody up there that said, “make this [life] happen.” This came out an arrhythmic event 10 billion years ago like I write about in the books. Now I’m really starting to really study the planet and listening to what they say through radio telescopes – making music with the universe. It’s led me back to the seed sound and that’s what I’m exploring now – dealing with the fabric of the universe and how to make contact with it and interact with it intelligently.

RO: Last year we spoke with your friend Zakir Hussain and he went into some details about rituals and cleansing before performing. You say you practice every day to stay in shape, is there anything ritualistic or ceremonial in regards to your warm-ups or preparations to perform that you’d be willing to share with us?

Mickey Hart: Sure. I always feel my heartbeat. I work out in the morning doing my cardio routine and then on the way to the studio (which I go to everyday) I start focusing on me and my heart beat, my rate. Even when I’m walking I feel the pulse. That gives me a place to start. Like as I’m talking to you now, I’m feeling my pulse. It’s something that I refer to from time to time. I always try to start there. I warm up a lot for long periods of time before I actually commit to the drum. I prepare myself and warm up really slow and long. I like taking an hour and half in my warm-up before I really go after a drum.

RO: Let’s talk about 1991’s Planet Drum CD where you convened some the world’s finest percussionists and musicians together. What were your intentions in gathering these particular artists to record that groundbreaking album?

Mickey Hart: I knew them all individually but they didn’t know each other. One night in the middle of the night I popped up and realized that I’m sitting on top of the mountain here. This is the Promised Land. I made the calls and one by one I introduced them to each other. They all showed up, turned on the microphones and let it all pour out. It was certainly musical magic. All the tracks were first takes, one person started playing and the next person related to it. I told them the mission was that we weren’t going for solos, we were going for the deep drumming groove and to entrain. They all could relate to that and that was history. That was really percussive history.

RO: Was it surprising the response the CD received?

Mickey Hart: Not in my world! [laughs] I thought everything we did could sell a million records. No… yes, of course it was. Winning the Grammy and being 26 weeks at #1 and touring and selling hundreds of thousands of CDs was gratifying. It also elevated percussion into a whole new realm where it was respected as an instrument equal to melody and harmony. It was musical.

RO: So you repeated it again this year with your Grammy for Global Drum Project?

Mickey Hart: Yeah, we did it again this year and now we’re working on a new one. That’s what I’ll be doing as soon as finish this interview.

RO: Earlier this year the Tibetan Chants for World Peace album you produced with the Gyoto Monks Tantric Choir was at the top of the Amazon and iTunes charts…

Mickey Hart: [laughs] Yeah, can you imagine that! I thought when that happened, I had seen everything. Here we’ve got a choir of monks from Tibet singing three notes each that is on the top of the charts. I never thought I’d live to see this. It made my day!

RO: What did that experience teach you, bringing the monks into the studio?

Mickey Hart: Well I’ve been doing it since 1987 and it’s rewarding beyond words, sitting there letting the chants wash over you. I think it’s very self-serving on my part. In some ways isolating them and listening to them for hours, having the privilege of being with these wonderful people, turns you into a speck of dust. It puts you in your proper perspective in the universe and is always a thrill. But this one was over the top because they allowed me to overdub themselves on themselves. We created a choir of over 110 or 120 voices. That hasn’t been heard outside the monasteries of Tibet since the 50s because there aren’t that many chanting monks now and they don’t do these giant rituals in Dharamsala, where most of them reside. Any day listening to the chants of the Gyoto Tantric Choir is a good day for me.

RO: Do you believe there’s still music and rhythms on the planet that we haven’t been made aware of yet?

Mickey Hart: There are rhythms being born as we speak - new rhythms being born in places we know of and places we don’t know of. That’s the way of music. That’s the way of things – they either grow and become relevant and serve the community or they die. Yes, there are new rhythms being born constantly and they’re mutations actually. Almost all music on this planet is a mutation or hybrid of something else that came before.

RO: What’s next for you, Mickey?

Mickey Hart: I’m after the sound of the universe, that’s where I’m going now.

www.mickeyhart.net

www.facebook.com/mickeyhart

Special thanks to Rose Soloman and Dennis McNally

Mickey Hart photo by John Werner

"The discovery of song and the creation of musical instruments both owed their origin to a human impulse which lies much deeper than conscious intention: the need for rhythm in life... the need is a deep one, transcending thought, and disregarded at our peril." [Richard Baker, composer/conductor]

[See Part I of this interview, "Every Instrument Has a Spirit," here.]

Trevor: As we at RockOm have been exploring the bond between music and spirituality and deeper meanings, percussion keeps coming up. Do you think there's some sort of essence about drumming or rhythm that's different?

Zakir: I guess rhythm is part of us from the time we're in our mother's womb. The heart is pumping, there is a pulse, so we respond to that. If you notice, most of the songs that are a hit are songs that you can tap your feet to or you can sing while you're walking. The tempos of the songs that have become hits are the tempos that either you walk in, you breathe in, or you make love in. So the rhythm is a central part of music which leaves an imprint on your mind. It's a very important part simply because you as a human being naturally respond to rhythm more quickly than you do to melody. Composers over the past many years have simplified and watered-down the melodies enough so that you can just as quickly relate to melody as well [sings “Na Na, Hey Hey, Kiss Them Goodbye” and the end of “Hey Jude”]. The composers have brought the melodies to the point where they almost are rhythmic. That's why rap is a big hit.

Shiva is shown with the damaru. He is the destroyer, but also the creator. His son, Lord Ganesha is shown with the pakhawaj, he's the protector. So the two very important gods in India are shown with drums. It is said that when Lord Shiva was called upon by the gods to go down to the earth and kill all the asuras (demons) he came down and he did what they call the “dance of destruction,” tandava. Now, Lord Shiva probably smoked a lot of weed. Because when he got into doing something, he just kept on doing it. (laughs) The point was that he started to destroy the demons and then there were not too many demons left, so he kept on destroying whatever was out there. And the gods got very worried and went, “Ok, pretty soon there's going to be no planet earth. So what to do?” So they sent out Parvati and her other name is Lasya, which means lust, romance, whatever you want to call it. She did the dance of lasya to calm down Shiva and established a balance, an order to all the chaos. Now it is believed that since the first word of the dance of destruction, tandava, is ta – and the first word of lasia, the dance of love and peace and order, is la - that's where the word “tala” comes from, which is rhythm.

So it is really written into the whole source of creation and because of that, I guess human beings are born with that connection, that connection of rhythm. The earth, when it rotates, creates a tone and that tone is Bb. When I hit this [hits table], there's no note, but if it's played a million times fast, it becomes a tone - “mmmm” - and that's Bb.

In the old days they used to bang the temple bells and the old drums to call people to prayers. When the king wanted a new law passed people went around the town, beating the drums and having people come and then explain to them what's going to happen next, who was going to get killed. Messages were sent on the law drums and there are talking drums in Africa to talk to. I guess it's all part of our process of living. And rhythm, pulse, heartbeat, and drums are an essential part of it – not just an important part of it. It is necessary to have that.

Tom: Would you say there could be an analogy in “ta-la” and, from the Bible, “in the Beginning was the Word”?

Zakir: Or in the word Om? We all draw upon something that we've heard and appeals to us. For instance, the growing up process of a musician in India is, OK now you want to become a professional artist. So you're to do the Chilla where you go away into the forest by yourself into that little hut where all the old gurus have gone before you. You live off the land, it doesn't matter how old you are - 15, 18, 20, whatever – and for forty days, you play your music. Where did the number 40 come from? And of course when you're living off the land, you're alone, you're with just your music, you're playing your music 16, 18, 20 hours a day. The vibration of it, the sound of it, the tone of it hypnotizes you. You see things; revelations come. You discover many things – what's inside of you. If there's ugliness inside of you, it will emerge, it will manifest and it may frighten you and tear your mind apart. It's like having an LSD experience of the most negative kind. Or if there's honesty and purity inside of you, that will emerge and enlighten you. So, the forty day period – the 40 days of Moses – the 40 days of flood or rain – that's what I wanted to say, that yes, there is this connection where 40 becomes a very important thing.

Why do we all have the same 12 notes whether we are in deep Africa or on the river in China or anywhere? Why do we have do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti-do and the flats and the sharps? It's the same in India and here and everywhere. And we say our music has been around for over 2,000 years, but we tuned our sitars and tablas to the machine 440, what the pianos are tuned to now. Why is that? Who knows? 4/4 is the same, 6/8 is the same all over the world. It has not changed or mutated into something else. Some people have gone further with the rhythmic signs, but in the west they've mainly still remained with 4/4 and 6/8. Dave Brubeck came in with “Take 5” and then that became known, while we have about 360 different ones in India which we play. The dance of destruction from Lord Shiva was supposed to be 14 beats; Lasya is supposed to be 8 beats.

Tom: Let's talk about some of your work with other instruments. You've worked with some unusual pairings before, pairing the tabla with the banjo, the bass, cello...

Zakir: It's not so unusual to me and I'll tell you why. Growing up as a young kid, our apprenticeship was in the Bollywood orchestras in India, film orchestras. Bollywood orchestras were all in one large room. At one end of the room was the string section: violins, violas, cellos, basses. Next to them on this side was the piano. Opposite the piano on this side of the room was a big riser which set the sitar player, the sarangi player, flute player, sarod player and there were two mics in there in between them. At this end, on the side of the indian musicians were the indian drums, tablas and all that. Opposite side on the piano line were the (western) drums. So, that's where we were and that's where we played. Under the baton of the conductor or composer, we all played together. That's what I grew up doing, playing with western musicians. Some days there would be a horn section there while we were doing the background score for a film. In those days the composer did not arrive with a complete, composed chart. He would look at the film and would see what the timing was and write the music there. So all of us had to be present because then he knew what he had at his command and what he could write for, what he needed at that time. At that time while he was doing that, we were jamming. The sitar player was sitting with the guitar playing and saying, “What do you got there?” – or the flute player is hanging out with the oboe player (coming up with ideas). So this was a common happening, day in and day out. For me, there wasn't anything unusual about these pairings.

100 years back, or even 60 years back, before that period, it was not so common for Indian musicians to play with musicians of other origins. But my generation, yes. My father was traveling with Ravi Shankar all over the world and would come home with records, LPs, of all varieties. That's where I first heard the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Starship, Yusuf Latif, Duke Ellington, The Doors, Bitches Brew or all these milestone albums. Having arrived here (in America) it was like walking right into the recording room with all those (Bollywood studio) musicians – the only thing was that the faces were different, the language was different and the approaches to the instruments were different.

When you pair with people, that's all one aspect of it – the other one is whether you get along. You can be with the greatest of musicians and sitting on the stage together and nothing happens. You just don't see eye to eye. Nothing's wrong with that, it just happens. So the pairings happen only because there's a connection, you see the same lighted path and you walk that path together so that connection is made and never broken.

Trevor: What do you have ahead of you, do you have new pairings you're working at, or what other adventures lie ahead?

Zakir: I'm still trying to strengthen the old pairings. Say, Mickey Hart for instance; I've known him since 1972 – that's when we did our first record called Rolling Thunder and I'm still working with him. The thing is after 10 or 12 years of working with someone, the valleys, the little corners and nooks and all, start to reveal themselves. I was a punk Indian musician wanting to impress the daylights out of everybody; I was gonna get on that drum and play as strong and as fast as possible. And I did that, but by the time I reached John McLaughlin and those guys, I understood that I needed to get to know them as people; I needed to go live where they lived, eat what they ate, go for walks with them, you know? Just be there, day in and day out. I went to the Shaman villages in South America with Airto (Moreira) to hang out there to just learn and to learn what Airto was all about, what Babatunde (Olantunji) was all about. That whole tradition – you can't just learn by listening to a record and saying hello to a person. That's just the surface; you've got to get to know them, then once you get to know them, that's when you can start finding the connection. Unless your hearts meet, your minds connect, and your eyes see the same lighted path, it's not possible to be paired together and make music together. I've been paired with a hundred different musicians over the years but there have been 2 or 3 that I am still working with because that walk has been taken. Sadly, some of those I have not been able to revist and maybe find that road and so the pairings didn't continue. But hopefully there are some more – like working with Bela Fleck and Edgar Meyer. This is something that just began two years ago and has the makings of a very special brotherhood, so let's see what happens.

Discuss this article

More about Zakir

Moment Records

Photography by Susana Millman

Thanks to Regina Grande

I once had a very profound spiritual experience many years ago when I was a young musician. I took the entire day to myself at our studio (where our instruments and drums were set up) to just explore and try to finish a song on which I had been working. I became stuck on several lines of melody, trying to match it to the rhythm of the song and quickly became frustrated. I then deliberately chose to relax and let the mantel of reality slip more loosely around my shoulders, forgetting about the music at hand since the play had suddenly turned into work.
 
The next thing I knew I was sitting behind our drummer’s 13 piece double-bass drum kit holding his sticks and just tapping on the high-hat cymbals. I had never actually tried to play drums before and it felt very different surrounded by drums (instead of being at the foot of the stage as I was accustomed to as lead singer). I started tapping on several drums, rotating slowly from one Rototom to the next, then to the floor bass kick and found myself playing a very simple pattern using about six drums. I flowed into this pattern and felt an overwhelming sense of peace fill me and sustain me as I kept the pattern going. It was liberating to simply create an uncomplicated rhythm and let the sounds and feeling of hand on stick, stick on drumhead fill me.
 
This slow sequence soon gave way to more complex patterns rotating through all the drums in the kit to where I eventually found myself playing with such force and speed on every drum and cymbal that I felt like Keith Moon! I completely lost myself and felt such an incredible feeling of connecting in perfect rhythm, without conscious thought.
 
I’m not entirely sure how long I sat at the drum kit but that time I spent animated in the rhythms is one which left an indelible impression upon me.  Every lick had a purpose, every pattern made complete sense and felt divine, and my hands and feet were freed.
 
There are times when we feel totally out of sequence, so out of rhythm with our surroundings that we fail to recognize the natural rhythms so commonplace and inherent to our very being. We can lose all recognition of the significance of the rhythms to our being that when we do find ourselves in synch we’re more surprised than when we are lost and out of synch. Being in key with those natural rhythms makes for a more significant awareness of our place in this world. We’re here to not only keep tempo to our natural surroundings but to also create our very own unique tempo that defines our own being. When we’re out of synch all we need do is close our eyes and listen to the sound of our hearts beating, to the birds singing, the rivers flowing. We can’t ever truly lose tempo with life's inherent rhythms.    

[By Tom Crenshaw, RockOm.net]

Discuss this article

In a yet to be published RockOm interview with Zakir Hussain, the world-renowned tabla master says, "The tempos of the songs that have become hits are the tempos that either you walk in, you breathe in, or you make love in." Zakir is referring to life's natural rhythms - those human and cosmic tempos that we find ourselves interacting with every day.

Some forms of music are even based on such natural rhythms. According to the V. Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary, "The [Italian] barcarola is typically in 6/8 or 12/8 meter to simulate the motion of the boat moving through the waves of the water with the rhythmic rowing of the gondolier."

This week pay attention to the natural rhythms around you. See how and when your footsteps fall in beat with the songs on your iPod. Hum a tune to the rhythm of the ocean waves or breathe in tempo with your favorite ballad. Hear how the coffee grinder, the clinking of silverware and the patrons' coughs all fit together to form one giant, interconnected drum beat. Perhaps in doing so we will experience life's larger patterns and underlying order.

Or we won't. Try it and see what happens as an experiment in experiencing and hearing life in a new way.

Christine Stevens is an internationally acclaimed author, music therapist and speaker. The founder of UpBeat Drum Circles, she has appeared on NBC, CBS and Living Better TV and is a frequent contributing writer for a variety of health magazines on music and wellness. Christine has drummed with many major groups and companies internationally (including DuPont, The Department of Defense, and Verizon), students at ground zero and most recently survivors of Katrina in New Orleans. She is the author of The Healing Drum Kit and The Art and Heart of Drum Circles.

As a member of an integrative research team, Christine has published studies on the scientific benefits of group drumming and serves on the editorial board of Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing. As a contributing author for Yogi Times Magazine and columnist for Health World Online, she writes about the power of music as a wellness strategy for holistic health.

RockOm’s Tom Crenshaw had the privilege of speaking at length with Christine in early September. Tom adds, “I felt an instant connection with Christine. The second I heard her voice I knew this was going to be a learning experience. Christine’s passion for music and healing is very inspiring. Her message made me consider more deeply the natural rhythms surrounding us and how we can use, even create our own rhythms - for a deeper connection to our inner-most being and human experience and use that connection for healing. I really could have talked for hours with Christine as the level and diversity of her work is quite extraordinary. I came away from our conversation with not only an inspiring interview to share but with a whole new perspective on what it means to serve others through music. RockOm has made a new friend, a new soul-connection and hopefully, together, we can go on and serve others for many years ahead."

CS: There's a beautiful quote, a Navajo saying: "The Great Spirit loves the drums so much he gave everyone a heartbeat." When you look from a multicultural, global perspective, you see a type of drum in the temple in Japan, in the Shinto shrine; you see the gathering drum in the Native American pow-wow ceremony; and you see the djembe in a healing ceremony in Africa. All of these are spiritual places. So I think what makes drumming spiritual first of all is its history. Secondly, the drum's shape is a circle, which reminds us that everything is connected. Third, the drum is an easy access point to music-making. I've actually never met anyone who can't just pick up a stick and make a sound on a drum; it offers immediate access to the world of music. It doesn't require years of training. In fact, most of us were learning this before we were born, listening to our first drum teacher, our mother. The drum is a great access point to connecting with creativity, and that is an element of spirituality. Also, when you connect in a group through the drum in a drum circle, you have that sense of unification, that we're all together. Especially when you're not speaking, you're feeling the rhythms together; you're feeling even the vibrations together. That's the most spiritual element of drumming. You know, there are three elements of music: rhythm, melody and harmony. To me, what does rhythm do in music? It's like the container. It's the temple. It sets the space, it sets the tone; is it going to be fast? Slow? It's a very powerful force. I love watching audiences when the drum solo happens: the group starts dancing. People are ignited by rhythm. That's the way I want to feel about my spirituality; I want to feel that ignited feeling. I'm really thrilled that we're seeing a revival of interest in the drum because it's so ancient, it's so spiritual, and it's so historic. And now we're using it today when, now more than ever, people need to feel a connection to that which is greater than themselves, that spirituality – whatever you want to call Great Spirit, higher spirit, divine consciousness, God. Whatever people want to call that is spiritual practice because we are connecting to something greater than ourselves.

RO: Isn't it funny how in a rock concert when the drummer goes into a drum solo, the audience goes nuts?

CS: Absolutely! I love watching that. First of all, we are biologically/neurologically wired for rhythm. People aren't even consciously trying to move their bodies; their bodies are being moved by the beat. It's a powerful force. They want to participate, they want to clap along. I think spirituality involves our participation. A lot of people ask me how drumming can be used in spiritual practice. A lot of times in music, we say we should practice music – well, flip that around and make music your practice. It's a little different intention; you're not practicing notes and timing and thinking "one-ee-and-ah, two-ee-and-ah." The drum helps you get out of your head and all the sudden you can just resonate with the heartbeat. You don't need to play only the heartbeat, but in drumming you get into your heart. If you think too much when you're playing a hand drum – I'm not talking about stick drumming or playing a trap set which requires a lot of coordination – but when you're playing a hand drum, one of these rural, sacred percussion instruments, you can't think too much and drum. Thank God, it gets us out of our heads. That's really the place of spirituality – the heart.

RO: What constitutes a drum circle?

CS: I'd like to define it by what it is not. A drum circle is not a music class. There's no one teaching. There's a facilitator who makes it easy for everyone to join together. There is not a focus on performance, because there's no stage and no audience. Everyone is part of it. It is inclusive. It doesn't require any musical talent. In fact, you already have the rhythm in you. The drum circle just brings it out. The reason we use drums and percussion is because it's really hard to have a violin circle. Just kidding. [laughs] It's really easy to have a drum match other drums, they go together very simply and sonically. Harmonically and rhythmically people come together in the drum circle and create a spontaneous, in-the-moment composition. It is really defined by the outcome. People are not coming to become the next Gene Kroupa or the next great drummer. They are coming to reduce their stress. They are coming to feel a connection that is beyond words. They are coming because they want to do some activity with their family. They find they have a language or a generation barrier and all the sudden the drum helps connect people. They are sometimes coming for healing. They are coming because they love to dance, and they want to feel rhythm in their life. They are coming because they want something exciting. I always say that drumming and drum circles are the greatest natural form of caffeine.

RO: I hear a lot of people say, "I don't have a musical bone in my body. I couldn't carry a tune in a bucket." Can anyone drum?

CS: [laughs] Yes and they already are! Everyone who is alive and has that great instrument called the heartbeat is drumming. We are biologically wired for rhythm; we are walking, talking, ticking-tocking rhythm symphonies. When you start to see your biology that way, you start to realize 'I am already a symphony'. I am the orchestrator of this in my life… on a mind, body, and spirit level. There's really no excuse not to drum, because you've already been doing it, you're more entrained to it than you know. That's a really important word – entrainment. That's what makes a drum circle work. This is a term from physics; it means that pendulums over time will synchronize. So when people come into drum circles and they've never drummed before, I see them stepping to the beat as they walk in the door – they're entrained. You can't help but fall into the groove. If you've ever loved to listen to music – world music, drum tracks, drum solos – how easy it is, how effortless it is to drum along – that's entrainment.

RO: What does the scientific world have to say about the documented health benefits of drumming?

CS: Now we're seeing science and spirituality coming together – it's an exciting time in history. We're seeing better awareness of the limits of the old kind of science and the inventions of new science and one of those is psychoneuroimmunology – mind/body medicine. We worked with a neurologist, Dr. Barry Bittman – who in the Meadville Medical Center was able to show in a study published in the year 2000 that in 112 subjects who had never drummed before, their biology changed on a cellular level – they reduced their stress through one hour of the health rhythms drumming program. That's pretty exciting; it was groundbreaking news in the year 2000. But in the year 2004 we replicated that study with burned-out employees and we were able to take these employees who had never drummed before, bring them into drum circle programs in the workplace and we were able to show with our evidence that we reduced burnout by 46%, increased their positive moods, and saved money for the organization.

RO: So, just bring some drums to work and let's everyone be productive!

CS: I really see a time when in the workplace, because of this hard science that we have – it's such an evidence-based practice – and you look at the workplace challenges with multi-language, intergenerational [issues] and morale – these things definitely have an impact on the bottom line. So I really see a time when that employee break room at noon is filled with people jamming together.

RO: Tell us a little about manifesting. Tell us how drumming can help us manifest our dreams.

CS: Well, that's a great question. I think that first of all, when you drum it helps you discover your dreams. So many people have felt that music is taboo – or that they "can't carry a tune in a bucket" – and drumming helps people reconnect with the creativity that is within every person. I really believe each person has some dream here to manifest and I think people know that, they feel that intuitively. Music has traditionally been a source of connecting to that creativity, that technique, I should say. First of all, drumming helps us find or reconnect, allowing the dreams to be remembered. Secondly, anytime you take something as powerful as music, it transcends language, it's like a wordless prayer – and you drum your dream, you drum your intention; I have done this personally in my life. In fact in manifesting The Healing Drum Kit, our book that's published by Sounds True, I actually drummed my intentions for making that drum kit. [laughs] When you add music with an intention, you amplify it. It's a pretty simple formula. Not everybody can play a cello or a piano, but if you pick up the drum and go "Boom," most people say "Yeah, I can do that!" You want to take your intention, add music, and manifest it that way.

RO: Christine, how did you get started? Tell us a little on how you got started in drumming.

CS: I was like a lot of people; I didn't think I had percussion skills and it's kind of ironic that I've devoted my life to drum circles. I worked as a music therapist and just saw immediately - I'll never forget a young woman who came and had been very traumatized, sexually abused, very depressed. She sat in the back and refused to drum in the drum circle. When everyone left the room, she walked over to the big bass drum, took up the mallet and really whacked it. She didn't stop for about an hour. [laughs] When she finished her "releasing," I would say, I thought to myself, "This is the most powerful tool I've seen since being a music therapist – this drum." I'm a pianist and a saxophone player – but I got realizing that the drum brings people in immediately and it's such a healing tool. That's really how it happened.

RO: You've done something that I think is quite amazing and very inspirational: you've traveled over to Iraq and worked with the children. Tell us about that experience; that's got to be so rewarding.

CS: Actually, it was a real life changing experience. We were able last year to do the first drum circle training program in a war zone. We were in northern Iraq and we took drumming to children in the donation centers, to Kurdistan's Save the Children. Our partners were Save the Children and ACDI/VOCA. They're doing incredible work there, there's really not a school-structured system in Iraq and the kids are really at risk for being recruited into terrorist organizations. So music and drumming is the preventive tool, supporting those kids' self-esteem, their connectivity, their creativity, their feeling of success in the world. What we did was train 30 people from seven different governances of Iraq, and we brought together people that would be enemies from different sects, from different religions and speaking different languages – and just like RockOm when you have Spanish and English, but you also have music. What we found was that music is the common language. I really believe that the drum is the language of global diplomacy. I think when we all are learning each other's rhythms in the world peace will happen. So we went there to learn their songs. And we watched them teach each other songs and we watched a drum circle become a tool for connecting people that would never have had the chance to know each other simply because they were perceived as enemies. And at the end of five days they really became friends and I'm happy to say they're still drumming over there. We're hoping to go back in October and we're very grateful to our sponsors for this project, Rex Foundation, NAMM, and Remo drum company - the world's largest drum company, which donated the drums for this project.

RO: Much kudos to those sponsors, and a personal thank you for spreading the love and inspiration. America gets a bloody nose in many parts of the world, and thanks for doing your own part to inspire folks over there.

CS: Exactly, it's so interesting. When you take drumming and music to a place of the greatest need – in the war-torn area of Iraq – and you see how much people hold onto it like a life preserver; it gave people hope. A woman said in her quotes at the end – we interviewed people at the end of the training period – she said it was the best five days of her life. Someone else said drumming helps to bring your hope back. I feel really blessed to have gone there, and I can really say in this interview with you right now that if it plays in Iraq, this can work in any place of conflict.

RO: You've worked with military veterans as well.

CS: I think that the drum goes into any place that has a need for healing. They have different ways of helping people. In the case of the veterans, we were very sensitive because we didn't want the drums to be stimulating memories of the sounds of gunshots. The same in Iraq, we were very sensitive to that. So we started with shakers and we started with a protocol that helped people get into the drumming. What we learned from working with the veterans and in the VA in West Los Angeles and Hollywood is that when they were able to drum together, they had such joy. When you come back from the seeing the kind of trauma that we can't even imagine as our servicemen and women, it's very tragic and a difficult thing to adjust. And all the sudden we saw people smiling! Despite their injuries, they could play the drums. I think that's the important thing: helping people feel strong again, feel powerful, and feel empowered.

RO: Surely you do some work in hospitals and such; tell us about that.

CS: I worked for fifteen years as a music therapist, especially with cancer patients, and during that time used the drum for mind, body and spirit. There's such an interest now in holistic medicine. For example, working with the cancer patients, I'll never forget this woman that came into the drum circle. She played that really big bass drum - we have a really big Native American gathering drum - and she played that drum the whole session. I was actually kind of worried about her arm in terms of her strength. And the next session she came and everybody handed her that mallet and let her play it; it became her drum. By the third session, she held up the mallet and said, "I'm ready to let go. I've released my anger at my mother and my father and my husband…" – she had a really long list. We didn't know, it but she was doing her own work. It's really said that what healing is about is creating the context for the natural healing to happen. She cleared the space out. She made space for a new groove in her life. She cleared out the anger and she opened up to a new rhythm.

RO: After talking to you, I'm very excited about going out and getting my own drum and getting started. How would I go about doing that?

CS: Well you already have a drum in your heart. [laughs] The other most commonly placed drum is the dashboard in the car. Besides that, we're so fortunate right now to have access to the world's drums. We really recommend Remo drums, made in America with recycled material and not with animal hides. They hold their sounds no matter what the weather conditions. If you go to remo.com you can see great choices between African, Brazilian, Japanese drums, so I hope you tell people to go to a drum circle in your town, your city, your state. Find your way to a drum circle, call your music circle and see what draws you. And the reason we created The Healing Drum Kit, which we recommend for beginners, is because you don't need any prior musical experience. It includes a drum, 25 rhythm cards, 2 play-along CDs, and a guidebook. It's really made so that you can simply pick up that drum and get started immediately.

RO: Tell us what you feel when you're drumming. What are your intentions when you're performing? Is it in any way at all like praying or meditating for you? What do you feel?

CS: I am interested, instead of performing, in reforming. I think that we are shifting from being performers to being inspirational reformers. I want to watch an audience join me. I think it's all in how you prepare. I love talking to performers about what they do before they walk out there. Don't you? Then you start to see the spiritual practice come in. Okay, I breathe, I picture things… this is all spiritual practice. I breathe, maybe I do some jumping jacks, I focus, I maybe even meditate. In my mind, the intention is different than putting on a show – it's connecting. It's sharing, it's inspiring. I think that's how we do it: we start off by clearing the energy, clearing space, making ourselves available, and then really offering that as a gift to an audience. Is that really any different than meditating or praying or having a spiritual experience? Show me any church that doesn't have music – it doesn't matter what religion. Why is that? It's usually first in the order of service. The reason is that it's the most ancient, simple away to connect a group.

RO: Tell us what the future holds for Christine Stevens and Upbeat Drum Circles.

CS: Upbeat Drum Circles is going to be going back to Iraq. We are continuing to research that project; we hope to be able to prove in a research paper that drumming was successful in reducing conflict and improving leadership skills in a war zone. We're hoping to publish that study, we're always involved in research and events and concerts and we teach a training program called "Change Your Life through Rhythm." We teach a training program called "Health Rhythms." I think it's really about the continuing of training, recording, and making music that inspires people to no longer be a listener, but to pick up a drum and be part of the rhythm of life.

http://www.ubdrumcircles.com/

[Edited by Andrew Hoogheem]

rhythm (n)
Pronunciation: \ˈri-thəm\

1 a: an ordered recurrent alternation of strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence in speech b: a particular example or form of rhythm
2 a: the aspect of music comprising all the elements (as accent, meter, and tempo) that relate to forward movement b: a characteristic rhythmic pattern ; also : 1meter 2 c: the group of instruments in a band supplying the rhythm —called also rhythm section [www.merriam-webster.com]

There is a sacred sequence of life.
An eternal rhythm. A dance of circles.

Planets perpetually spin around their orbits....
Night breaks into day, which falls into night, as the day arrives again...
Life is born, lives, dies, and is reborn into new forms - endlessly...
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall...

-and yet-

We don't live accordingly. What is modern man's greatest triumph? What is the sickness or our age? With what three words do we proclaim to the world as our trophy of worth?

"I'm so busy."

As a culture that values overwork, striving, driving, pushing, out-of-balance-ness, we assume that being busy means you're somebody. We search for the deepest meaning of Who We Are not in the eternal Present where the beginningless, endless, ever-present Witness resides, but rather in some imagined future date of "betterness." Therefore, we must strive to get there - no matter the havoc it wreaks upon our bodies, our families, our world. And as Brother David Steindl-Rast teaches us, the Chinese pictograph for "busy" is made up of two characters: heart and killing.

remember the sabbath

Work hard while you're at work. But find the sacred rhythm of rest. Remember Gandhi's words on the madness of modern man: "There is more to life than merely increasing its speed."

In that rest, savor. Savor a cup of tea in silence. Talk a walk in the quiet woods. Play on the floor with a child. Cook an exquisite meal and eat it alone or with family or friends. Breathe. Nap. Paint. Meditate. Do nothing.

Take nothing for granted. Bring full mindfulness into whatever you're doing so that you're completely "there."

This does not produce laziness. There is no need to feel guilty. Upon fully realizing the rhythm of rest, your work becomes more meaningful and you find mindfulness and strength to apply to your tasks. And yet even while working, find "rest moments." Stop. Breathe 3 deep breaths. Then continue.

Find the sacred rhythm. Rather, tune in to the sacred rhythm, for it is all around and within you like a silent, beating drum. Business, stress, and exhaustion are not medals of your worth - indeed they choke your ability to simply "be."

Yes, tune in to the sacred rhythm. And Dance.

[By Trevor Harden, President of RockOm. This post was inspired by the book "Sabbath" by Wayne Muller - a very beautiful and important book. Trevor suggests you pick one up and says you'll be blessed by it.]